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EVOLUTION OF HUMAN DENTITION

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À̱¤Èñ ( Lee Kwang-Hee ) - ¿ø±¤´ëÇб³ Ä¡°ú´ëÇÐ ¼Ò¾ÆÄ¡°úÇб³½Ç

Abstract

¿¬±¸ ¸ñÀûÀº ºÎÁ¤±³ÇÕ°ú ºÎºÐ¹«Ä¡Áõ µîÀÇ Ä¡°ú ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¹è°æÀ¸·Î¼­ »ç¶÷ ÁøÈ­¿¡ µû¸¥ Ä¡¿­ÀÇ º¯È­ ¾ç»óÀ» °íÂûÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. »ç¶÷Àº ºÐ·ùÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î µ¿¹°°è, ôÃß¹®, Æ÷À¯°­, ¿µÀå¸ñ, °íµî¿µÀå¾Æ¸ñ, Hominoid(»óÀ§Àΰú), Hominid(Àΰú), Homo(ÀμÓ), sapiens(Á¾)ÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Hominid´Â ¾à 400¸¸³â Àü¿¡ ÃâÇöÇÑ Australopithecus·Î¼­ Á÷¸³º¸Çà°ú Ä¡¿­ÀÇ º¯È­°¡ Ư¡À̾ú°í, Homo¼ÓÀº ¾à 250¸¸³â Àü¿¡ ÃâÇöÇÑ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ ¼®±â Á¦ÀÛÀÚ H. habilis¸¦ ½ÃÀÛÀ¸·Î, H. erectus, H. neanderthalensis µîÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³µ´Ù°¡ »ç¶óÁö¸é¼­ Çö»ý ÀηùÀÎ H. sapiens¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ¿ø½ÃÆ÷À¯·ùÀÇ I3 C1 P4 M3ÀÇ Ä¡¿­Àº ¿ø½Ã¿µÀå·ùÀÇ I2 C1 P4 M3, °íµî¿µÀå·ùÀÇ I2 C1 P3 M3, HominoidÀÇ I2 C1 P2 M3·Î º¯È­ÇÏ¿´°í H. sapiens´Â I2 C1 P2 M2ÀÇ Ä¡¿­·Î º¯È­ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. HominoidÀÇ »óÀÚÇü Ä¡¿­Àº AustralopithecusÀÇ ¿À¸Þ°¡Çü Ä¡¿­À» °ÅÃÄ HomoÀÇ Æ÷¹°¼±Çü Ä¡¿­·Î º¯È­ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Ä¡¾ÆÀÇ Å©±â°¡ °è¼Ó °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´°í ƯÈ÷ °ßÄ¡ÀÇ Å©±â¿Í ¼ºÀû ÀÌÇü¼ºÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ú Å©±â°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ¾Ç°ñÀÇ Å©±â°¡ °¨¼ÒÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó Ä¡¿­Àº µÎ°³°ü¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÈÄÇϹæÀ¸·Î À̵¿ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ì¸»ÀÌ Ç³ºÎÇÑ ÁÖ½ÄÀ¸·ÎÀÇ º¯È­, ½ÄÇ° °¡°ø, ¿ä¸® ±â¼úÀÇ ¹ß´ÞÀÌ ÀúÀÛÀÇ Çʿ伺À» °¨¼Ò½ÃÄÑ Ä¡¿­ º¯È­¸¦ ÃËÁøÇÏ¿´´Ù´Â °¡¼³ÀÌ Á¦±âµÇ¾ú´Ù. Áö±¸ ¿ª»ç¿¡¼­ ±ØÈ÷ ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³­ ½ÅÁ¾À¸·Î¼­ Áö±¸ Àü¿ª¿¡ ÆÛÁ® ´ë·® ¸êÁ¾À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°°í ÀÖ´Â H. sapiensÀÇ ¹Ì·¡´Â ºÒÅõ¸íÇÏ´Ù. ºÎºÐ¹«Ä¡Áõ°ú ºÎÁ¤±³ÇÕÀº »ç¶÷ ÁøÈ­¿¡ µû¸¥ Ä¡¿­ º¯È­¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î º¸ÀÌ¸ç ¾ÕÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ç·áµÈ´Ù.

The purpose of study was to review the transition of dentition according to the evolution of man to know the background of the dental problems like hypodontia and malocclusion. Man is Kingdom Animalia, Phylum Chordata, Class Mammalia, Order Primates, Suborder Haplorrhini, Superfamily Hominoidea, Family Hominidae, Genus Homo, Species Sapiens by taxonomy. The first hominid was Australopithecus which appeared c. 4 millions of years ago and showed bipedalism and distinct dentition. Homos began with H. habilis who appeared c. 2.5 millions of years ago and made stone tools, and then H. erectus and H. neanderthalensis appeared and disappeared until H. sapiens came. The dental formula of primitive mammalians which was I3 C1 P4 M3 changed to I2 C1 P4 M3 of primitive primates, to I2 C1 P3 M3 of Haplorrhini, and to I2 C1 P2 M3 of hominoids. That of H. sapiens is changing to I2 C1 P2 M2.The box type dentition of hominoids changed to the omega type dentition of Australopithecus, and to the parabolic type of H. sapiens. The size of teeth decreased continually, especially the canine and sexual dimorphism. The dentition moved backward and downward to the cranial crown according to the increase of the brain and decrease of the jaws. It was suggested that the change of diet to the starchy foods, food processing, and the development of cooking reduced the necessity of mastication and caused the change of dentition. The future of H. sapiens who is quite a new species in the earth histroy and is now causing the mass extinction of other species is hard to see. It seems that hypodontia and malocclusion are related to the dentition change according to the evolution of man and is likely to increase.

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Evolution;Dentition;Hypodontia;Malocclusion

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